> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://studies-de-jure.gitbook.io/learn/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://studies-de-jure.gitbook.io/learn/readme-1.md).

# Callouts

## Welcome to Studies De Jure

The primary purpose of this site will be to host [open educational resources](#user-content-fn-1)[^1] for undergraduate legal course content.

{% hint style="info" %}
:construction\_site: *This site is a work in progress*, so most of the content is not in the "final" form. :construction:
{% endhint %}

These resources are [licensed openly](/learn/glossary.md#open-license), free to be reused, redistributed, [adapted, and/or remixed](https://help.oercommons.org/support/solutions/articles/42000046860-remix-a-resource), and include content that was authored by Matthew L. Mac Kelly and/or adapted, remixed, and/or incorporated from other creators in compliance with copyright and licensing regulations and practices. Attributions and licensing information is identified on each page.

{% hint style="info" %}
**LEARNING OBJECTIVES 🎯**

1. Explain what constitutes a contract.
2. Understand how a contract is formed.
3. Know the defenses to performance of a contract.
4. Understand breach of contract and its consequences.
5. Identify remedies for breach of contract.
   {% endhint %}

***

{% hint style="warning" %}
**\_\_\_\_**

Under the Supreme Court’s [*Citizens United*](#user-content-fn-2)[^2] decision, business entities enjoy the same right as natural persons to influence the political process through contributions. Because federal judges are appointed for life, businesses cannot directly influence the actions of the judicial branch.

However, they can do so indirectly by lobbying Congress on laws that it considers and lobbying the president concerning enforcement priorities. While all states have a comparable three-branch system, in some states (not in Colorado), judges obtain office through partisan elections. In such states, businesses can seek to influence the judicial branch through supporting judges whose philosophy favors business generally or a particular industry. For these reasons, in choosing whether to litigate in state or federal court, businesses should consider that federal judges may be more likely to take politically unpopular actions.

\~ John W., judge
{% endhint %}

***

{% hint style="danger" %}
**Law in Practice**

Under the Supreme Court’s [*Citizens United*](#user-content-fn-2)[^2] decision, business entities enjoy the same right as natural persons to influence the political process through contributions. Because federal judges are appointed for life, businesses cannot directly influence the actions of the judicial branch.

However, they can do so indirectly by lobbying Congress on laws that it considers and lobbying the president concerning enforcement priorities. While all states have a comparable three-branch system, in some states (not in Colorado), judges obtain office through partisan elections. In such states, businesses can seek to influence the judicial branch through supporting judges whose philosophy favors business generally or a particular industry. For these reasons, in choosing whether to litigate in state or federal court, businesses should consider that federal judges may be more likely to take politically unpopular actions.

\~ John W., judge
{% endhint %}

***

{% hint style="success" %}
**Sidebar**

1. Understand the core principles of the topic.
2. Apply learned concepts in practical scenarios.
3. Analyze and evaluate outcomes effectively.
4. Foster critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
5. Collaborate and communicate within a team setting.
6. Understand the US court system and how it affects the conduct of businesses.
7. Understand the three branches of government and how they check and balance each other’s powers.
8. Explore the state and federal court systems.
   {% endhint %}

[^1]: Free educational material that is openly licensed to enable reuse and redistribution by users ([Elder, 2019](https://iastate.pressbooks.pub/oerstarterkit/chapter/introduction/)).

[^2]: [8 U.S. 310 (2010)](https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/558/310/#opinions)


---

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